Contract

Use the contract (opens in a new tab) macro to generate contract messages

💡

Use contract (opens in a new tab) macro only on top of struct impl blocks

Attributes

List of attributes supported by contract (opens in a new tab) macro:

Usage

pub struct Contract;

#[cw_serde]
pub struct SomeResponse;

#[contract]
impl Contract {
    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Self
    }

    #[sv::msg(instantiate)]
    fn instantiate(&self, ctx: InstantiateCtx) -> StdResult<Response> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }

    #[sv::msg(exec)]
    fn some_exec(&self, ctx: ExecCtx) -> StdResult<Response> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }

    #[sv::msg(query)]
    fn some_query(&self, ctx: QueryCtx) -> StdResult<SomeResponse> {
        Ok(SomeResponse)
    }

    #[sv::msg(sudo)]
    fn some_sudo(&self, ctx: SudoCtx) -> StdResult<Response> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }

    #[sv::msg(migrate)]
    fn some_migrate(&self, ctx: MigrateCtx) -> StdResult<Response> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }

    #[sv::msg(reply)]
    fn some_reply(&self, ctx: ReplyCtx, reply: Reply) -> StdResult<Response> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }
}

We define our messages signatures by marking the appropriate methods with the sv::msg attribute.

The impl block must contain the attributeless new method for the generated dispatch to work properly.

Custom types

You can construct your contract to work with some specific custom types with the sv::custom.

Generic types

Sylvia contracts can be reused as a state by other contracts. This way you could expand functionality of one contract with another one. In such a case you might want to present a possibility for the user to use it with types that suits their purpose. You can do that by defining generics on your contract.

use cw_storage_plus::Item;

pub struct Contract<ExecParamT, FieldT> {
    field: Item<FieldT>,
    _phantom: PhantomData<ExecParamT>,
}

#[cw_serde]
pub struct SomeResponse;

#[contract]
impl<ExecParamT, FieldT> Contract<ExecParamT, FieldT>
where
    ExecParamT: CustomMsg + 'static,
    FieldT: 'static,
{
    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            field: Item::new("field"),
            _phantom: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    #[sv::msg(instantiate)]
    fn instantiate(&self, ctx: InstantiateCtx) -> StdResult<Response> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }

    #[sv::msg(exec)]
    fn some_exec(&self, ctx: ExecCtx, param: ExecParamT) -> StdResult<Response> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }
}

This is a standard way to create generic structs in Rust. Two important things to mention are:

Rust will complain that generics used in method signatures are unused. You have to create a PhantomData (opens in a new tab) field to silence this error. In case a contract uses multiple generic types, simply wrap them in a tuple PhantomData<(T1, T2)>.
If generic types are used as part of the method signature, generated messages will require them to fulfill their trait bounds. In most cases it's enough to add the sylvia::types::CustomMsg + \'static bounds.

Forwarding attributes to fields

The contract (opens in a new tab) macro can forward attributes to the fields of the messages.

#[sv::msg(instantiate)]
fn instantiate(
    &self,
    ctx: InstantiateCtx,
    #[serde(default)] value: String,
) -> StdResult<Response> {
    Ok(Response::new())
}

The output of the above code will be:

#[cw_serde]
pub struct InstantiateMsg {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub value: String,
}

Good practices

Prefer generic custom types

The sv::custom attribute is not mandatory, as by default contract macro will use Empty (opens in a new tab) type in place of custom types. It has a downside that the contract always expects the Empty (opens in a new tab) custom messages, and it makes testing it in the MultiTest environment with different custom messages tricky. We recommend that if your contract is meant to be chain agnostic, define it with a generic custom message and custom query.

pub struct Contract<CMsgT, CQueryT> {
    _phantom: PhantomData<(CMsgT, CQueryT)>,
}

#[contract]
#[sv::custom(msg=CMsgT, query=CQueryT)]
impl<CMsgT, CQueryT> Contract<CMsgT, CQueryT>
where
    CMsgT: 'static + CustomMsg,
    CQueryT: 'static + CustomQuery,
{
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            _phantom: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    #[sv::msg(instantiate)]
    fn instantiate(&self, ctx: InstantiateCtx<CQueryT>) -> StdResult<Response<CMsgT>> {
        Ok(Response::new())
    }
}

Interface Entry points