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Events

Most entry point functions return a type of Result<Response, ContractError>.

Within this, Response is a wrapper around Events in the Cosmos SDK.

The Response type should be returned as the successful result of a contract entry point (i.e. instantiate or execute). You can declare it as mutable and add to it in the function body, but a more common pattern is to construct it at the end and return it, if all computation has succeeded. In the examples that follow, it is wrapped by Ok as it is being returned as part of a function that is returning the Result type, with Response representing the Right or success branch.

The exception to this is query, which will return StdResult<Binary> due to the Cosmos SDK interface.

The source for Response can help to understand it better .

The most simple usage of Response is as follows:

Ok(Response::default ())

This is common in instantiate functions, where no message is returned to the client.

However, in most execute handling cases, a Response should be returned:

let res = Response::new()
.add_attribute("action", "transfer")
.add_attribute("from", info.sender)
.add_attribute("to", recipient)
.add_attribute("amount", amount);
Ok(res)

There's a bit more going on here, so let's unpack it. You can find the source here.

  1. A new Response is created
  2. Several key/value pairs are added
  3. This is returned wrapped in a Result type using Ok

If you're calling your contract via the command-line interface (CLI) you will see them logged as part of the "raw_log" response, alongside other SDK events.

Instead of just adding attributes, .add_event can be used to add an unwrapped event.

These events can be interacted with by other clients or contracts.